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Data: This is unprocessed piece of fact.
Information: This organized data which give meaning full sentence or statement.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
Data is like if i tell ETX 2005 , its data to you , and if I add on that saying it’s your license number then its information for you, so data and information are interrelated to each other.
SIMILARITIES
i) Both can be presented in alphabets
ii) Both can be presented in number
iii) Both can be presented in symbols
DIFFERENCES
i) Data is a row fact which is unprocessed while information is data that has been processed.
ii) Data is the lower level of knowledge while information is the second level of knowledge.
iii) Observation and recording are done to obtain data while analysis is done to obtain information
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Sources of information can be categorized in two groups.
PRIMARY SOURCES
Primary sources of information allow the learners to access original and unedited information. A primary source requires the learner to interact with the sources and extract information.
E.g; person interview E-mail contact, Event, Discussion, Debate, Community meeting, Survery, Artifact, Observation of object canimate and inanimate.
SECONDARY SOURCES
Secondary sources are edited primary sources, second – hand versions.
They represent someone else’s thinking
E.g. Book, CR- Rom, Encyclopedia, Magazine, Newspaper, Video tape, Audiotape, TV.
Primary or Secondary
– Internet website
– Graph, Chart , diagram , table
IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION
i) Creating awareness.
ii) Educating people
iii) Alert people on danger
iv) Giving instructions
v) Help in decision making
vi) Used in advertising goods
QUALITIES OF INFORMATION
i) Information should be RELEVANT. The information should be logical and fit to the level of recipients.
ii) The information should be UNDERSTANDABLE. Understandability of the information should be clear to the recipients.
iii) TIME LINES, every information should have a range of time that can be useful.
iv) RELIABILITY , Information should be reliable to the receiver
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
This is the process of spreading or distributing information using various ways from one individual to another.
The process of disseminating information can be grouped into three main parts.
1.Source 2.Medium 3. Receiver
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
– This is the origination of the message or the information to be disseminated.
– The sources can be directly or indirectly meaning that the information can be collected directly from the communication media.
MEDIUM
– This includes the means of spreading the information such as newspapers, signs, magazines, radio, television, telephone, computer (with internet) etc.
RECEIVER
– The people or audience intended to receive the information.
WAYS OF DISSEMINATING INFORMATION
i) Traditional ways
ii) Modern ways
TRADITIONAL WAYS
Uses traditional tools to spread information e.g. Songs,drums,poems,whistle.
MODERN WAYS
Uses modern tools to spread information e.g. Internet, TV, radio station, magazine
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN WAYS
| TRADITIONAL WAYS | MODERN WAYS |
| 1) Slow in disseminating information | – Quick and faster to disseminate the information |
| 2) Most of medium or equipment are manual operated | Equipment are electrically equipped |
| 3) Messages can be sent with in short distance | Distance coverage is big |
| 4) The cost of sending the messages is too high | The cost of sending message is very low e.g. E-mail |
| 5) The information reach few people | Many people can get information at the same time |
THE COMPUTER
This is the electronic device that receives data input and processed it into output.
OUTPUT: This is the processed data from a computer.
INPUT : This is the unprocessed data which enter a computer.
STORAGE: The computer holds data internally during and after processing.
PROCESSING: This is the convention of input data into output data.
INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT
CHARACTERS OF COMPUTER
1) SPEED
Computer has a very high speed in working
2) ACCURACY
Computer never makes errors; normally errors are made by users.
3) STORAGE
Computer has memory for storing data.
4) TIRELESSNESS.
Computer never gets tired
5) VERSATILITY
Computer can perform jobs logically step by step.
COMPUTER APPLICATION
COMPUTER IN EDUCATION
1) Gathering information from the internet
2) Develop science project
3) Teaching and learning process
COMPUTER IN HEALTH
In health computer are used for
1) Diagnosing illness
2) Modifying parents health development
3) Assisting surgeons
COMPUTER AT HOME
1) Writing letter
2) Listening music
3) Playing games
4) Watching movies
COMPUTER IN LAW ENFORCEMENT POLICE
In law enforcement police, computer is used as
1) Storage of information
2) Making documents and printing the documents
3) DNA finger printing
COMPUTER IN MUSIC INDUSTRY
1) Composing music
2) Editing sound
3) Editing video
INPUT:
This is unprocessed data which enter in a computer.
TYPES OF INPUT
1) DATA
Is the raw facts given to the computer.
2) PROGRAMS
Are the sets of instruction to direct the computer.
3) COMMANDS
Are special codes or key word that the user input to perform a task like RUN accounts
INPUT DEVICES: These are the devices used to enter data into a computer
⇒Examples of input devices:-
i)KEYBOARD: It is the most important input device
STANDARD KEYBOARD: Have approximately 101 to 106 keys
TYPES OF KEYS
a) Letter keys : A to Z
b) Number keys : 0 to 9
c) Direction or cursor keys : ( up , down , right , left keys)
d) Punctuation keys
e) Symbols keys.
f)Specials keys ( Esc, Enter , Tab, DEL, Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Ins, Page up, Page down , Home, caps Lock, Scroll tack , Print , Screen end)
g) Function key. f1, f2, …… f12
ADVANTAGES
a) Reliable for data input and number
b) Usually supplied with computers so no additional cost
c) Specialized keys are available
ii)DIGITAL CAMERA
The input device which take photograph and convert into digital image.
HOW CAMERA WORKS
The light from the object pass through the lens to the light, Sensor and convert it into digital image then image is taken to the memory chips from the memory chips image.
iii) MAGNETIC STRIPE READER
Magnetic stripe: These ate thin strips of magnetic tape which are usually found on the back of credit and debit cards.
ADVANTAGES OF STRIPE READER.
a) Simple to use
b) Data can be altered
c) Cheap to produce magnetic stripe
iv) JOYSTICK
Input device control the movement of a pointer on the screen just like mouse. Usually used for playing computer games.
v) MICROPHONE
Used to in-put sound into a computer
vi) VIDEO DIGITIZER
This device is used to convert analogue signals from a video camera or video cassette recorder into a digital format.
The digitized video data can be saved as a file or played on the screen interface used: Fire wire
vii) MIDI INSTRUMENT
These are devices used to produce music.
They have Midi- port with specialized software digitized music into digital data so as a file.
a)Stored as a file
b)Edited
c)Displayed on screen
viii) REMOTE CONTROL
It is a device which emits a beam of infra- red light carrying digital data to a TV.
ADVANTAGES
a) Simple to use
b) Each button has a specific function
ix) BAR CODE READER
Input device used to read bar codes and send data into a computer.
BAR CODES: Are patterns of printed lines of different thickness
OUT PUT
This is the processed data from a computer.
TYPES OF OUTPUTS
1) SOFT COPY OUTPUT
This is intangible / untouchable output.
2) HARD COPY OUT PUT
This is the tangible / touchable output e.g. printed page
