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LISTENING SKILLS
Listening is ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process. It involves identifying the sounds of speech and processing them into words and sentences.
When we listen we use our ears to receive individual sounds. (Letters, stress, rhythm and pauses) and we use our brain to convert them into messages that mean something to us.
Listening in any language requires focus and attention. Listening is the key to all effective communication. It is a skill that some people need to work at it even harder than others. People who have difficulty in concentrating are typically poor listeners.
Like babies we learn this this skill by listening to people who already know how to speak the language. This may or may not include native speakers. For practice you can listen to live or recorded voice. The most important thing to listen to a variety of voices as often as you can.
NB: To become a fluent speaker you need to develop strong Listening skills. Listening not only help you understand what people are saying to you
-It also helps you to speak clearly to other people
-It helps you learn how to pronounce words properly
-It helps how to use intonation and where to place stress in words and sentences.
Listening strategies
Since listening is in activity that is both physical and mental, it needs active involvement of the listeners. Thus there are several strategies to be followed in order for one to be an effective listener these strategies are as follows.
i. Have the desire to listen
Listening becomes effective if the listener exerts the desire to listen i.e. it need someone to have interest in understanding what the speaker is talking about the listener needs to prepare his or her mind so that it is ready for listening.
ii. Be open and develop willingness to learn
Do not attempt to challenge everything that you hear instead give the speaker time to air his or her views in order to get new information thus you are urged to be ready to hear even things that you don’t believe in, this shows that tolerance is vital if we are to be good listeners.
iii. Post pone judgment
In the process of listening, the listeners are adjust not to judge a speaker basing on his or her appearance instead the need to concentrate on what the speaker is talking about i.e. the judgement has to be based on the message and not speaker appearance.
iv. Be physically and mentally alert the listeners are advised to bring their mind focusing on the speaker.
i.e. sitting in the manner that they see the speaker all the time this means you should face the speaker
v. Observed the listeners are advised to carefully observe what the speaker is doing in the stage this will help you identify
important points being emphasized by the speaker so you should be in observing all what the speaker does as most of the
non-verbal does compliment the verbal part of the message.
vi. Focus on understanding the speaker view point to listen with the intention of understanding what the speaker believe in i.e. respect the speaker with empathy.
vii. Predict and ask questions
viii. Look as you are listening tell the speaker by your appearance that you are listening i.e. sit straight and establish and maintain eye contact.
ix. Avoid things that can act as barriers to prevent you from paying attention to what is being talked about e.g. Hot, weather, someone who talks
x. Do not make any disturbance unnecessarily such as talking unnecessary so that you can understand
xi. Avoid rudeness (impolite) by showing lack of cooperation such as reading a newspaper talking to the phone.
LISTENING AND NOTE TAKING
When you take note, it isn’t necessary to write down every word. Outline major ideas, Listen for key words and phrases. Develop your own shorthand and learn to abbreviate words. Make notes about any examples speakers use to explain their ideas. Note taking involve recording ideas and facts that you learn in class to help you remember and see them letter.
Why is note taking important?
1. You become an active part of the listening and learning process.
2. You create a history of your course content
3. You have a written record to view or study letter
4. You reinforce what is communicated verbally.
Strategies to increase comprehension and improve (Note taking)
1. Listening for structure cues (signpost/transition words, introduction, body and summary stages)
2. Looking for non -verbal cues (facial expression hand and body signals)
3. Looking for visual cues (copy the content of any visual aids used.
4. Use symbol and abbreviations to save time.
Some of the example of commonly symbols and abbreviations are presented as follows:-
COMMON ABBREVIATIONS
Many are derived from Latin,
C.F (confer) =compare
I.e (id est) =that is
e.g (example grate) = for example
N.B (nota benne) =note well Etc (et cetera) =and so on No (numero) = number
TASK
1. Explain the differences between listening and hearing
2. Explain how listening is an important part of public speaking
3. Give three reasons to why listening is important in your daily life
4. Explain the difference between physical and mental barriers to effective listening ,Give three examples of barriers
5. Explain at least three ways to improve listening
6. Why do people find it hard to listen?
HOW TO USE AN ATM MACHINE
(With-drawing money from ATM machine)
Introduction
The acronym ATM stands for “Automatic teller machine” which means a computerized machine that facilities banking transactions especially depositing money (in highly technological developed countries) and withdrawing money (almost in every country).
ATM technology is recent especially in third world countries where computer technology is still low. However this technology is growing very fast especially in urban areas where physical infrastructures are being improved tremendously.
Using an ATM technology is only possible to bank customers who have bank account and provided with ATM cards. An ATM cards enables a bank customer to perform banking transaction especially withdrawing money. However to withdraw money, a customer needs to have enough bank balance that enables him/ her to withdraw.
As a recent technology, ATM technology has posed a number of challenges and risk one of the challenges is back of power especially in third world countries (TWC) security problem is another serious challenges where frauds and stealing are common in ATM machines. This goes together with lack of sufficient security in places where ATM machines are located ATM card join and the related problems such as miscounting of cash/ money.
Despite all the above challenges and problems ATM technology is very useful in saving time and prevision of banking service close to people and throughout the day and throughout the week
something that cannot be done by normal banking transaction.
ATM technology has also helped people in avoiding taking and walking or staying with a lot of cash at home.
USING AN ATM MACHINE
Before thinking of using an ATM machine you are supposed to open a bank account and deposit your money. The money that you are likely to withdraw should be more than a minimum balances. It is also recommended that you have to open a bank account that you feel that it can serve you properly and national wide. Do not open a bank account with a bank which is confined to only one city or town. It is also important to note that a good bank is a bank that is more reliable, with sufficient capital good record of trust from customers as well as lowest service charges. It is also important to think of a bank that has spread ATM machines.
SECURITY ISSUES
Using ATM services requires certain security issues to consider. Security issues are grouped into categories (3) as follows.
a) Selecting an ATM
i) Do not selecting an ATM at the corner of a building or hidden and obscured area selected an ATM located at the center of a
building or an open areas increases security and safety as well as surprise.
ii) Select an ATM located in area without banners in case of emergency. These areas provide hiding opportunities for criminal especially thieves and robbers.
iii) Select an ATM that is in well lightened locations (especially at right) iv)Solicit prior criminal activity statistic or information before choosing an ATM.
v) Avoid ATM location with large perimeter parking yards/lots or car congestion area.
b) Approaching the ATM
i) Never approach an ATM where there’s no light
ii) Check the security specious people around or cars faked a side with people inside.
iii) Avoid ATM with obscuring objects e.g. building
iv) At right don’t go to an ATM alines, go with your friend/companion
v) If you’re driving, keep all the window closed and all the door closed. Before switching off the engine watch the area careful and quickly all sides. If someone approaches your vehicles cancel or postpone the transactions and go to another ATM. If it is safe exist the vehicle and lock it and keep your keys handy so that you can reenter quickly after the transaction.
vi) Never approach an ATM if the lights at the site are not working.
c). Using the ATM
i) When waiting in line to rise the ATM wait stand behind the person ahead of you and do not approach the ATM until they
complete the transaction.
ii) When you’re using the ATM AND someone is closer to you than you would like them to be, ask them politely and tactfully to
step back a few steps.
If no co – operation council the transaction and wait outside or go to another ATM. This is a risk
iii) Before your approach the ATM, have your ATM cards ready and know your pin number or passwords.
iv) Protect and hide your person identification.
v) Memories your pin and avoid writing it anywhere if you can’t memories it write and a small piece of paper and after the
transaction destroy it completely or chew it and split it. Do not carry or put your pin in your wallet or pocket.
vi) When using the ATM, stand directly in front of the keyboards blocking the view of others.
Do not enter the pin if someone around can view the screen/keyboard.
vii) Select a pin that is different from the numbers noted in your wallet, mobile phones, birthdays etc in case you’re free to do so.
Vii) Do not accept offers of assistant with ATM from strangers. If you are having a problem consults your bank of officials, not even security guards.
viii) When the transaction is complete, take your properties card, money and receipts and put them in your wallet, bag or pocket and leave immediate.
ix) Check security around. If you feel someone is following you, walk or drive quickly to on open place where there are a lot of people and call the police.
x) If you lose or misplace or have your card stolen notify the card assure immediately.
Topic 3: Listening Skills – English Language 1 Notes Form 5 & 6
MONEY WITHDRAWING PROCEDURES
The following are procedure or steps in withdrawing money from an ATM.
1. Insert your bank/ ATM card into a reader slot.
2. When prompted by ATM, select language e.g. Eng or Kisw.
3. When prompted by ATM, enter or type in your PIN password
4. When prompted by ATM, select withdraw
5. When prompted by ATM, enter or type the amount of money you want to withdraw.
6. Wait for the machine to count and release the money out.
7. When prompted select if you require a receipt or other transaction
8. Collect your money /cash. If possible count it quickly.
9. Eject the card or await and return and remove it from the card reader slot and leave.
REGISTER DIFFERENCES
Register is a variety of language that is distinguished according to use.
For example the lawyer doctors ,teachers of different subjects,the engineers ,team coach etc.They all use specific language basing (depending on their respective fields.Thus the use of different languages according to different fields is what we call register.
The difference in registers is due to the fact that each field use language which is characterized by certain stylistic features.Thus, we need to pay much attention to speaker’s register so as to identify and understand the language used as per its stylistic features.
Observe the following registers and their stylistic feature.
LANGUAGE OF NEWSPAPER REPORT
Stylistic Features:
-Use of long sentences
Example: the above paragraph has only one sentence.
-The use of numbers as it is very importance to show the scores and time in football.
-Use of past tense as it reports the past event.
-Use names of people and places here and the e.g. names of players, location/field/pitch(national stadium)
-Use of adjectives e.g. “aggressive team. ”well deserved win”
-Specialized terms like soccer, tournament. Always use adverbs e.g. yesterday, next week, tomorrow etc.
LANGUAGE ADVERTISING
Lexical feature of Advertising language.
The use of first and second personal pronouns i.e.” I / We/ you” It is because these pronouns help to create a friend- like intimate atmosphere to move and persuade the audience the use of the first and second person is called gossip- advertisements
E.g – Hyundai: Always there for you We live to deliver.
Yamaha Every time we race you win
Use of motive or evaluative Adjectives or Adjectival Phrases.
E.g Beautiful writing instruments peerless accessories for the innate sophisticate. Each pen and pencil is an original innovative designs preserited exclusively for those who appreciate only the very best
– Use of Technical Terms and Scientific rounding words
Eg – Pure colour Beautiful full- colour copies are in fool bloom from Minolta Because of our laser Intensive Modulation system ( LIMOS)—–
– A powerful built – in flash system related at GN20 and a spectrum of features
– Use of Negative words
Eg: A diamond engagement ring show your love as nothing else can
Words such as no, none, nothing, never, etc to show the uniqueness of the product.
– Use of inclusive words
Such as all, every, always etc to indicate that reference is universal Eg; Coca-Cola always Coca-Cola
– Use of compound words
Eg; Adj + N- first class
– Top – quality bulb
N+ V + ed- honey coated sugar puffs V + ing – shining clean
Syntactic features of Advertising language
-Frequent use of simple sentence Example from Honda automobile
Honda has always made good cars people love them
Our new program will help to resolve products- related questions about your.This program is free .Just ask at any Honda dealer for a booklet Or call ,
you see Honda wants you and your Honda to have a long and happy relationships. It’s only right.
– Frequent use of interrogative sentences.
Eg – Hair Darkening Medicine: Are you going grey to early?
What in women’s Realm this week? A wonderful beauty offers for you Lincoln Park Zoo: What would man be without the ape?
-Frequent use of imperative sentences
Imperative sentence give a command or make a request and they are usually short and powerful sentences.
Eg – Honda Motor: Buy one
Honda civic wagon: put it all behind you Express card: Don’t leave home without it. United Airlines: Life is a journey, travel it well.
– Use of present Tense Eg –A diamond is forever
– Use of Minor Sentences.
Eg – Mild Cigarette: A mid way. Make it a mild smoke, smooth, rich, rewarding.
-Volks wagen Pass at wagon: somewhere between tuxedo and birthday suit
Graphological feature of Advertising language
Eg – Bolding
– Capitalization
– The use of abbreviations for economic purposes Eg – Ltd, tel, Co, DSM, CCM, UNHCR etc
– Punctuation marks such as exclusions (!) + coloring, Picture, etc.
Semantic Features of the language of Advertising
Eg – Ambiguity
– Idioms and proverbs
– Figurative expression
Simile- cools as maintain stream Metaphor – Pepsi the father of all drinks
Personification- Now you faxes can find you even if your office cant
-GS Co introducing camera that shares your vision of perfect picture Euphemism- Diet cake we know you are both gourmet and weight watcher (factor obese
people)
– If world class Rolex has been a bit beyond you budget before likey now puts it within you reach
TELEPHONE CONVERSATION
With this paradigm of science of technology we always make conversion through our telephones. We use telephone in our daily communication for instance at work place .in business or in social interaction.
When we speak on telephone it is because we want to achieve certain goal, therefore there are some rules that we need to observe for positive outcome, Some of these rules are as follows;
-Clarify ,i.e to use a clear voice ,avoid all distractors (noise or poor equipment)talking while chewing something.
-Control your pace i.e Speak with a moderate speed so as to be understood fast and clearly.
Study the example below ,then relate it with your daily conversation.
Rashid: Hello,Janeth.
Janeth: Hello.
Rashid: Are you done with the assignment on Environmental issues? Janeth: Oh,yes Rashid
Rashid: I beg your help Janeth,there are some areas that i find difficult in attempting it
Janeth: Okay you should not worry about that let meet on Saturday around 2:00pm at the collage. Rashid: Oh,thank you so much Janeth.I’ll be grateful to find you there.
Janeth: Your welcome
Rashid: Wish you a nice moment Janeth: Same to you ,thanks.
Rashid: okay ,bye bye Janeth: Bye.
Answer the following question
1. Do you think the speakers show politeness?why?
2. Why did Rashid make a call to Janeth ?
Taking a telephone message
We make call in our daily life, Sometimes we may not find the person we wish to talk to.
In this scenario it is necessary to leave a message to a third party. Now what are the necessary information that we need to record when you are to take a message for some one else?
The card below show the necessary information to be taken/noted.
For:………………………..
From:……………………..
Tel no:…………………….
Date:………………………
Time:………………………
Message:…………………
Taken by:…………………
Study the example below.
Tedy: Hello.
Mr.Raju: Hello,is madam Salma around? Tedy: No sir, she isn’t who is calling please?
Mr.Raju: I’m Mr.Raju,chief accountant Tick Company
Tedy: Sorry sir she is not around at the moment but she will be back after 30 minutes.May I take a message for her please?
Mr.Raju: Yes,please tell her that we are waiting for the confirmation on the invoice i sent her yesterday.
Tedy: Wait a moment please confirmation on the invoice sent yesterday .Alright I’ll tell her sir.
Mr.Raju: Thank you very much .Goodbye. Tedy: You’re welcome ,sir Goodbye
TASK
1. Make a telephone conversation with your friend.
2. Imagine you’re the secretary in one of the office and you have picked call from someone to your boss .Take the message from the caller to be submitted to your boss.
