Topic 3: Balance Of Nature – Biology Notes Form 2

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The Natural Environment

The Concept of Natural Environment
Explain the concept of natural environment

Natural environment is made up of all living and non living things that occur naturally on earth.

An organism living anywhere in any environment is affected by the things around it such as air, water, animals, plants, microorganism, stones, rock, soil, clouds and the sun.

Everything around it in fact makes its natural environment. It is important to understand that the environment includes all living things as well as non living things.

IMPORTANT TERMS

Ecology: is the branch of biology that deals with studying interaction oforganisms with their environment

Population: is the total number of organisms of the same species living in a certain area. Example the number of frogs in a pond

Community: this refers to the sum of total of all population of different organisms living in a specific called habitat

Habitat:
is the specific area where an organism is found and adopted. i.e it is
an appropriate for the certain community example an ocean, grassland,
and a pond

Ecosystem: refers to a natural unit made up of living and non living things whose interaction

Biotic and Abiotic Components of the Environment

Describe biotic and abiotic components of the environment

There are two components of environment,;

  1. Biotic (living things)
  2. Abiotic (non living things)

BIOTIC COMPONENT

These are living components in the environment such as animals, plants, fungi, and micro organisms. These organisms interact together in number of

ways and these ways of interaction include the following;

Competition That organisms must compete for limited resources in struggle for life. For an organism to survive in an ecosystem it must compete with partner for the limited resources.

Predation Is the system in which one organism utilize the other as food. The eater is a predator while the eaten is a prey and a number of predators and preys regulate each other

Symbiotic relationship This is where there is a close relationship or association between organisms this association could take various forms like mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism

Adaptation Adaptation has enabled organisms to survive. They may be anatomically structurally physiologically or behavioral. Eg some organisms are poisoners to their predator while others while others develop warming colouration

ABIOTIC COMPONENTS

These include non living organisms that are found in ecosystem. Example air solar, energy, soil, and nutrients. Generally abiotic components of an ecosystem consist of physical environment and they are as follows.

Climatic factor Several change of climatic condition influence or determine the survival of organisms in ecosystem such condition include temperature, humidity, pressure etc

Aquatic condition Changes in the aquatic environment and the nature of environment it is self determined by the type of organism found in the area such a changes include water current, wave action, salinity, etc

Light condition factor These affect much plant population where photosynthetic process depend on the availability of light.

Soil factor/condition – These are also adaphic factors and they include soil texture, soil structure and soil PH

Various Organism in their Natural Environment in the Community

Identify various organism in their natural environment in the community

Activity 1
Identify various organism in their natural environment in the community
The Importance of the Natural Environment
Explain the importance of the natural environment

IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

  1. It is a source of food to organisms
  2. It provides shelter and security for organisms
  3. It allow living and non living things to interact
  4. It provides an appropriate setting for organisms to reproduce andincrease in number.
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